Nanoscale Bandgap Tuning across an Inhomogeneous Ferroelectric Interface

We report nanoscale bandgap engineering via a local strain across the inhomogeneous ferroelectric interface, which is controlled by the visible-light-excited probe voltage. Switchable photovolatic effects and the spectral response of the photocurrent were explore to illustrate the reversible bandgap variation (~0.3eV). This local-strain-engineered bandgap has been further revealed by in situ probe-voltage-assisted valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Phase-field simulations and first-principle calculations were also employed for illustration of the large local strain and the bandgap variation in ferroelectric perovskite oxides. This reversible bandgap tuning in complex oxides demonstrates a framework for the understanding of the opticallyrelated behaviors (photovoltaic, photoemission, and photocatalyst effects) affected by order parameters such as charge, orbital, and lattice parameters

Cromolyn prevents cerebral vasospasm and dementia by targeting WDR43

BackgroundCerebral vasospasm (CV) can cause inflammation and damage to neuronal cells in the elderly, leading to dementia.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying dementia caused by CV in the elderly, identify preventive and therapeutic drugs, and evaluate their efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsGenes associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and CV were acquired and screened for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) associated with aneurysm rupture. A regulatory network of DEmiRNAs and mRNAs was constructed, and virtual screening was performed to evaluate possible binding patterns between Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and core proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the optimal docked complexes. Optimally docked drugs were evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through cellular experiments.ResultsThe study found upregulated genes (including WDR43 and THBS1) and one downregulated gene associated with aneurysm rupture. Differences in the expression of these genes indicate greater disease risk. DEmiRNAs associated with ruptured aortic aneurysm were identified, of which two could bind to THBS1 and WDR43. Cromolyn and lanoxin formed the best docking complexes with WDR43 and THBS1, respectively. Cellular experiments showed that cromolyn improved BV2 cell viability and enhanced Aβ42 uptake, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-related disorders.ConclusionThe findings suggest that WDR43 and THBS1 are potential targets for preventing and treating CV-induced dementia in the elderly. Cromolyn may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia

Hierarchical Sarsa Learning Based Route Guidance Algorithm

In modern society, route guidance problems can be found everywhere. Reinforcement learning models can be normally used to solve such kind of problems; particularly, Sarsa Learning is suitable for tackling with dynamic route guidance problem. But how to solve the large state space of digital road network is a challenge for Sarsa Learning, which is very common due to the large scale of modern road network. In this study, the hierarchical Sarsa learning based route guidance algorithm (HSLRG) is proposed to guide vehicles in the large scale road network, in which, by decomposing the route guidance task, the state space of route guidance system can be reduced. In this method, Multilevel Network method is introduced, and Differential Evolution based clustering method is adopted to optimize the multilevel road network structure. The proposed algorithm was simulated with several different scale road networks; the experiment results show that, in the large scale road networks, the proposed method can greatly enhance the efficiency of the dynamic route guidance system. Document type: Articl

Adjustable current-induced magnetization switching utilizing interlayer exchange coupling

Electrical current-induced deterministic magnetization switching in a magnetic multilayer structure without external magnetic field is realized by utilizing interlayer exchange coupling. Two ferromagnetic Co layers, with in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy respectively, are separated by a spacer Ta layer, which plays a dual role of inducing antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling, and contributing to the current-induced effective magnetic field through the spin Hall effect. The current-induced magnetization switching behavior can be tuned by pre-magnetizing the in-plane Co layer. The antiferromagnetic exchange coupling field increases with decreasing thickness of the Ta layer, reaching 630 ±5 Oe for a Ta thickness of 1.5nm. The magnitude of the current-induced perpendicular effective magnetic field from spin-orbit torque is 9.2 Oe/(107Acm-2). The large spin Hall angle of Ta, opposite in sign to that of Pt, results in a low critical current density of 9×106A/cm2. This approach is promising for the electrical switching of magnetic memory elements without external magnetic field

A comparison study of solving diffusion equations with different algorithm methods

A comparison study for solving diffusion equations with different algorithm methods is studied to understand the oxygen vacancy defect transport under the electric field. We compare computational efficiency and numerical accuracy with different algorithm methods, including finite difference, finite element (COMSOL), and Fourier-Chebysev spectral methods. All the results of oxygen vacancy distribution under an electric field from different algorithm methods are compared with the analytical solution results. Two kinds of boundary conditions are used in solving diffusion equations and the absolute error of different methods are discussed. The main purpose of these results is to provide guidance for studying the role of point defect transport in the degradation and breakdown of devices

Research overview of anti-backlash end face engagement worm gearing

Eliminating the negative effect of gear backlash on transmission precision so as to achieve precise motion transformation remains a problem to be solved in the field of precision transmission. To date, optimization of manufacturing process, new transmission structure and control system are mainly used to solve the above scientific problem, however, the new transmission structure is undoubtedly the best method compared with the methods above based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages for various methods. In doing so, this paper originally proposes a type of transmission, an anti-backlash end face engagement worm gearing, with certain advantages of no-backlash, high precision and high operating efficiency over other gears and gear systems

Simulation of Magnetically-Actuated Functional Gradient Nanocomposites

Magnetically-actuated functional gradient nanocomposites can be locally modulated to generate unprecedented mechanical gradients that can be applied to various interfaces and surfaces through following the design principles of natural biological materials. However, a key question is how to modulate the concentration of magnetic particles using an external magnetic field. Here, we propose a model to obtain the gradient concentration distribution of magnetic particles and mechanical gradients. The results show that three states exist when the magnetic force changes in the z direction, including the unchanging state, the stable gradient state, and the over-accumulation state, which are consistent with experiment results. If both radial and axial magnetic forces are present, the inhomogeneity of magnetic–particle distribution in two dimensions was found to break the functional gradient. Furthermore, the size effects of a functional gradient sample were studied, which indicated that adjusting the magnetic force and diffusion constant would enable larger nanocomposites samples to generate functional gradients

A Monitoring and Control System for Aquaculture via Wireless Network and Android Platform

Web applications, databases and advanced mobile platform can facilitate real-time data acquisition for effective monitoring on intelligent agriculture. To improve facilities for aquaculture production automation and efficient, this paper presents an application for wireless network and Android platform that interacts with an advanced control system based on Apache, SQL Server, Java, to collect and monitor variables applied in aquaculture. The test and application shows that is stable, high price-performance ratio, good mobility and easy to operate, It has a strong practicality and application prospects

Image_5_Cromolyn prevents cerebral vasospasm and dementia by targeting WDR43.TIF

BackgroundCerebral vasospasm (CV) can cause inflammation and damage to neuronal cells in the elderly, leading to dementia.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying dementia caused by CV in the elderly, identify preventive and therapeutic drugs, and evaluate their efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsGenes associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and CV were acquired and screened for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) associated with aneurysm rupture. A regulatory network of DEmiRNAs and mRNAs was constructed, and virtual screening was performed to evaluate possible binding patterns between Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and core proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the optimal docked complexes. Optimally docked drugs were evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through cellular experiments.ResultsThe study found upregulated genes (including WDR43 and THBS1) and one downregulated gene associated with aneurysm rupture. Differences in the expression of these genes indicate greater disease risk. DEmiRNAs associated with ruptured aortic aneurysm were identified, of which two could bind to THBS1 and WDR43. Cromolyn and lanoxin formed the best docking complexes with WDR43 and THBS1, respectively. Cellular experiments showed that cromolyn improved BV2 cell viability and enhanced Aβ42 uptake, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-related disorders.ConclusionThe findings suggest that WDR43 and THBS1 are potential targets for preventing and treating CV-induced dementia in the elderly. Cromolyn may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.</p